T
TAB. The bill or check, especially for drinks at a bar.
“Congress isn't likely to suspend the law that links Medicare Part B premiums for doctors' care to the program's costs, even though that would make older voters happy. (Medicare beneficiaries, who face a 17% premium increase next year, pay a quarter of the tab.)” (Wall Street Journal, < xml="true" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" prefix="st1" namespace="">
TAFT-HARTLEY (ACT). 1947 law that amended the Wagner Act (1935), protecting the rights of workers to join unions and allowing government injunctions to stop strikes in times of national emergencies.
TAG (TO). Price tag; label; to assign.
TAG LINE. Last few words of a commercial, designed to enhance listener recall.
“As commonplace as branding is today, P&G's brand-focused ads were revolutionary in their era. ‘Ivory’ and catchy tag lines (such as the ‘99-44/100% pure’ that is still with us) were emblazoned all over the printed ad page, while the Procter & Gamble name itself was displayed discreetly.” (Wall Street Journal,
TAIL OFF (TO). Decline.
TAILOR-MADE. Specially designed.
TAILSPIN (GO INTO). A steep decline.
“Fund directors, even those who were doing their job well, are taking a fresh look at their practices. Mr. Baris says, Fund management companies are also taking a hard look in the mirror.” (Wall Street Journal, July 6, 2004, p. R1)
TAKE. Revenue from an event; one’s position or understanding of a situation.
TAKE A
TAKE A BEATING (TO). Lose; get a bad deal; be crushed.
“For those whose wireless devices could take a beating, Panasonic Computer Solutions Company has introduced the Toughbook CF-Y2, a slim, light notebook computer that offers Intel's latest state-of-the-art mobile technology.” (National Underwriter P&C.
TAKE A FLIER (TO). Make a speculative investment in.
TAKE A HARD LOOK IN THE MIRROR. An examination of current business practices, especially for ethical issues.
TAKE A HIT. To suffer a loss.
TAKE A PASS (TO). Decide against.
TAKE A POSITION (TO). Make an investment in.
TAKE A POWDER. Suggestion that the person leave. It is considered a crude and unprofessional slang.
TAKE A RAIN CHECK. To decline an offer with the intention of accepting at a future date; To receive a coupon allowing the customer to purchase an item at the existing price when it is again available.
TAKE A WRITEOFF (TO). Deduct the losses of an unprofitable operation against the income from other parts of a business.
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF (TO). Avail oneself of an opportunity, sometimes at the expense of others.
TAKE BY STORM. To overwhelm the competition.
TAKE CARE OF BUSINESS (TO). Deal with what needs to be done.
TAKE DOWN A PEG (TO). Deflate or lower someone.
TAKE FIVE. Take a break (may or may not mean a five-minute break).
TAKE FOR A RIDE (TO). Swindle or cheat.
TAKE-HOME (PAY). Worker’s income after all deductions are taken out.
TAKE IT ON THE CHIN (TO). Be defeated, lose a large amount of money (boxing).
TAKE NO PRISONERS. Management exhortation to be highly competitive.
“In
TAKE OFF. To rise quickly.
TAKE THE KNOCK (TO). Sell at a loss.
TAKE THE PACKAGE (TO). Agree to severance benefits being offered by a company.
TAKE ON PARTNERS (TO). Add more owners to a business.
“Drug makers are beginning to look beyond their own labs and take on partners such as biotech mavericks, smaller drug companies and academic researchers.” (Business Week, Oct. 17, 1994, p. 204)
TAKEOVER. Buying control of another company.
TAKEOVER TARGET. A business investors want to buy.
TALKING HEADS. A derisive advertising term for commercials that consist of a pitch man/woman extolling the virtues of a product.
“When the TV talking heads throw around technical jargon, you don't understand what they're saying. But you're pretty sure it's garbage.” (Wall Street Journal, July 11, 2004, p. 3)
TALK OUT OF TURN (TO). Speak too candidly.
TALK THE TALK. To be able to speak using the jargon and terminology specific to that industry or situation.
TALK TURKEY (TO). Speak seriously.
“Little Pluto wants to talk turkey about the dangers of plutonium exposure.” (Wall Street Journal, Jan. 21, 1994, p. B1)
TANK. To fail.
TANK FARM. Collection of oil tanks.
TAP (TO). Access or use as a resource.
TAPE. Ticker tape. Before computers, stock market investors and specialists would watch the tape for the latest prices of stocks.
TAPPED OUT. Broke, penniless; lacking opportunity.
“Lucent says the trust for management retirees' health care is tapped out.” (Wall Street Journal,
T-BILLS. Treasury bills, short-term borrowing instruments of the
TAX BRACKET. The marginal tax rate that applies at each level of income.
TAX BREAK. Any government regulation that reduces the tax burden of specific groups or companies.
TAX HAVEN. Country where individuals are protected from tax scrutiny. The
TAX
TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (TIN). Internal Revenue Service identification number.
TAX SELLING. Selling securities, usually need the end of a year, in order to reduce tax liability.
TAX SHELTER. An investment or expenditure that reduces personal or business taxable income.
TAX SHELTERED ANNUITY (TSA). Insurance product that allows an investor avoid or reduce tax liabilities. Taxes are usually deferred until the end of a specified period of time.
TEACHERS INSURANCE AND ANNUITY ASSOCIATION (TIAA). Pension fund targeting teachers throughout the
TEAM PLAYER. Someone who works for the betterment of the group (sports). Team players do not ROCK THE BOAT, rarely disagreeing with supervisors.
“The veteran executive, though he had famously pioneered the introduction of the DVD, was regarded as not acting like a team player. (Mr. Lieberfarb says he was a team player for his entire 20-plus year career at Warner Bros., as demonstrated by the strong growth of the studio's home-video division over that time.)” (Wall Street Journal,
TEASER. A low introductory rate on a loan, or a high initial rate on a deposit.
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS. Financial market analysis that focuses on statistical patterns and ignores fundamentals associated with a company.
TEENIES. Stock market term for sixteenths of a dollar. Until a few years ago, stock prices, less than a dollar, were quoted in sixteenths.
TEETERING ON THE BRINK. Almost failing.
“
TELESCOPING. A reduction in the number of shares outstanding by a company in order to raise the price per share. Also called a reverse split.
TELL IT LIKE IT IS. To speak candidly.
TEMPUS FUGIT. Time flies (Latin).
TEMPS. Temporary workers.
“Companies often expand hours and hire temps before gaining the confidence to add to permanent payrolls.” (Wall Street Journal,
TENDER. To sell shares of stock to a buyer.
TENDER FORM. Bid form used for buying U.S. Treasury securities.
TENDER OFFER. An offer to buy up shares of a company in order to gain control of the company.
TENDER LOVING CARE (TLC). Careful handling.
1040. Individual tax return form used by the Internal Revenue Service.
10–K. Annual financial report required for all large, publicly held companies.
1099. Internal Revenue Service form used to report dividend and interest income.
1031 EXCHANGE. An exchange of similar properties allowing the owners to avoid paying capital gains. 1031 refers to the Internal Revenue Service code.
TEN-SPOT. A ten-dollar bill.
TEQUILA EFFECT. The impact of the decline in the Mexican economy (1994) on securities from other Latin American countries.
TESEBONOS. Mexican bonds that are convertible to dollars.
“In terms of fundamentals, we show that the critical variables in generating the Mexican crisis were the fast rise in US-denominated public debt (tesebonos), the appreciated real exchange rate and the small rises in unemployment and primary deficit.” (Journal of International Money and Finance, June 2004, p. 595)
TEST THE WATERS (TO). Look for opportunities; experiment.
“‘People think they're going to devote themselves to learning to play an instrument, or taking art, or getting a degree in sociology -- and they haven't taken any courses,’ says Mr. Manheimer. ‘They haven't tried that. You'd better test the waters.’" (Wall Street Journal, Jan. 4, 2004, p. 2)
TEXAS LEAGUER. A person of minor importance (baseball).
THANK GOODNESS IT’S FRIDAY (TGIF). Expression of relief that the workweek is over.
THAT AIN’T PEANUTS. That’s a large sum of money.
THAT DOG WON’T HUNT. That idea will not work. A Southernism popularized by President Lyndon Johnson.
“The Massachusetts Democrat insists ‘that dog won't hunt.’ And this is not a Michael Dukakis unprepared for hand-to-hand combat. His foreign-policy knowledge, complete with the biography -- both [John Kerry] and George W. Bush graduated from Yale in the '60s, one chose to serve in Vietnam, one chose not to -- and his personal character is a powerful antidote to any Republican attacks.” (Wall Street Journal,
THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A FREE LUNCH. Everything has a price or opportunity cost. Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman is credited as the original source of this wisdom.
THIN ICE. Unlikely to succeed; dangerous situation.
“In a recent Portals column, Lee Gomes said Microsoft treads on especially thin ice when it waves the innovation flag, because the tech giant usually innovates ‘only at the barrel of a gun.’” (Wall Street Journal,
THINK TANK. Institute that studies social or other issues.
“Critics charged the report's findings had been ordered up because the Rotterdam Harbor Authority funded the report and Ms. Kroes served on the think tank's board.” (Wall Street Journal,
THINKING OUT OF THE BOX. Creating new processes, not just changing existing methods.
“‘This idea of thinking out of the box is something we've come up with in the '90s,’ Ms. Lesonsky says. ‘Before that, if you did it, you were branded a freak.’" (Wall Street Journal,
360-DEGREE FEEDBACK. Performance appraisal by all of the people one works with, including bosses, peers, subordinates, and customers.
“An unusual experiment in executive coaching, Mr. Porter was testing 360-degree feedback -- a popular on-the-job appraisal tool that involves gathering performance ratings not only from managers, but from peers and subordinates as well -- as a tool to improve his performance as a husband and father.” (Wall Street Journal,
THREE-SIX-THREE. Banking jargon for pay three percent on deposit, loan at six percent, and three o’clock tee time at the golf course!
THREE STEPS AND A STUMBLE. Stock market theory that stock and bond prices will fall after the third increase in the discount rate by the Federal Reserve.
THREE TAILING. A retail business that operates in three methods, bricks and mortar, catalog, and Internet.
THIRD DEGREE. Intense questioning.
“The Third Degree: Financial institutions should hold an interrogation, not an interview, with any employee it reasonably suspects has taken funds.” (Savings & Community Banker, July 1994, p. 45)
THREE-MARTINI LUNCH. A business meal with large quantities of alcohol to loosen up the customer. During the Carter administration, the term came to represent special tax privileges accorded to business, the ability to include lavish entertainment as a business expense.
“The 15% commission has gone the way of the three-martini lunch, and now agencies are moving to claim a piece of the action from licensing of advertising characters and slogans.” (Wall Street Journal,
THREE MILE
THREE STEPS AND A STUMBLE. Rule of thumb that stock market prices will decline if the Federal Reserve increases interest rates on three consecutive occasions.
THRIFTS. Savings banks, savings and loans.
THROUGH THE MILL. Subjected to a difficult experience.
“Instead, they’re putting the analysts through the mill as third-party witnesses. Their files no doubt contain many documents relevant to Castano’s issues, and tobacco executives who have spoken to them might have made comments unrecorded elsewhere but preserved in their notes.” (Wall Street Journal, Aug. 30, 1995, p. A11)
THROW A CURVE BALL. To surprise someone with something unusual or unexpected (baseball).
THROW IN THE TOWEL (TO). Admit defeat (boxing).
“Analysts following Intel have lately been throwing in the towel faster than a palooka’s ringside cornerman.” (Wall Street Journal, July 13, 2004, p. C1)
THROW IT AGAINST THE WALL AND SEE IF IT STICKS (TO). Try a new idea and see if it works (cooking).
“‘Let's run it up the flagpole and see who salutes?’ or ‘Throw it against the wall and see if it sticks’ or, from my days in
THROW MONEY AT (TO). Spend large sums of money in hope of solving a problem.
“Yet there is a constant stampede as potential naming-rights partners and would-be concessionaires line up for the right to throw money into pro football's bulging bank accounts.” (Amusement Business, Sept. 2004, p. 14)
THROW ONE’S WEIGHT AROUND (TO). Use one’s influence.
THUMBS DOWN. A negative response.
“In giving the thumbs down to the depression application, the FDA cited worsening depression in patients and potential biases in the way clinical trials were set up to test the product.” (Wall Street Journal,
THUMBS UP. A gesture of approval or success.
TICKER TAPE. See TAPE.
TIDAL WAVE. An overwhelming amount.
“Nearly two decades later, in May 1995, the Microsoft chairman warned employees by e-mail of an Internet ‘tidal wave’ that threatened to marginalize the company's PC software.” (Wall Street Journal,
TIED UP. Very busy.
TIE-IN. Joint promotion; two or more promotion campaigns that are linked together.
“Baskin-Robbins, with the help of Norm Marshall & Associates Inc., a product-placement firm, did a large tie-in with DreamWorks SKG's ‘Shrek 2’."(Wall Street Journal,
TIE THE KNOT. To successfully complete a business deal.
TIE UP MONEY (TO). Cause money to be unavailable for use.
TIGER BY THE TAIL (TO HAVE). A big, fast moving issue; situation/problem that could easily be lost, with grave consequences.
“Companies moving into groupware with a passion are finding they have a tiger by the tail. Groupware is hard, both technically and culturally.” (Forbes, June 5, 1995, p. 76)
TIGER ECONOMIES. Any of the growing Asian countries including
TIGER TEAM. Computer specialists hired to find security flaws in a company’s system.
TIGHT-ASS. Person who is inflexible.
TIGHT MONEY. When the money supply is constrained, resulting in higher interest rates.
TIGHTWAD. A miser, stingy person.
“The Senator brags that he has voted against every tax hike, is a bona fide tightwad on spending, has hewed to the pro-life line and is a national-security hawk.” (Wall Street Journal,
TILL. Cash register.
TIME FRAME. A clearly scheduled process with specific beginning and ending points.
TIN CUP. Symbol of poverty and begging.
TINKER (TO). Make small adjustments.
TIN PARACHUTE. A sarcastic reference to the benefits given to lower-level managers when a company is taken over and managers are terminated. Senior managers get a GOLDEN PARACHUTE.
TIP OF THE ICEBERG. Only a small part of the issue or problem is currently visible.
TIREKICKER. Person who inspects a product (car) with little intention of making a purchase at that time.
TOASTMASTERS. Nonprofit organization that helps business people develop their speaking skills.
TOE THE LINE (TO). Follow orders.
“To its credit, Snapple tried to toe the line with regard to discounting and CMAs.” (Beverage World, Feb. 1995, p. 94)
TOE TO TOE (TO GO). Compete directly and aggressively (boxing).
“If Coke is going to improve in the
TOKENISM. The hiring or placing of minorities in visible positions to make the company look like it promotes and values its minority employees.
TONGUE IN CHEEK. Jokingly, not serious.
TOO BIG TO FALL. Idea that some banks and financial companies are so important to economic stability that the government would not let them fail.
TOO RICH FOR MY BLOOD. Too expensive.
TOP BANANA. Leader.
TOP BRASS. Senior executives.
“And just a few weeks ago, Citigroup's top brass said the bank wouldn't be pursuing any ‘transformative deals’.” (Wall Street Journal,
TOP DOG. Boss.
“In the corporate-fraud cases, the argument is that the top dog was so above the fray that he didn't know what directives were being issued or carried out by those below him.” (Wall Street Journal,
TOP GUN. Important, powerful people.
TOP-OF-THE-LINE. The brand leader in a market.
“When I reviewed the first 17-inch widescreen laptop, Apple's top- of-the-line PowerBook, I checked the actual dimensions of airline coach-class trays and found that it would fit, barely.” (Wall Street Journal,
TOP NOTCH. The best, most important.
“Mr. Mindich hasn't managed money for several years, suggesting he may have challenges starting out with a bang. But investors say he has assembled a top-notch team, including Stuart Hendel, formerly a managing director in Morgan Stanley's prime brokerage division.” (Wall Street Journal,
TOPPED OUT. Stuck in a position without hope of promotion or opportunity.
"Rallies are meant to be sold now because I believe we've topped out for the year." (Wall Street Journal,
TOPPING THE LIST. Number one, the best.
TOPSY-TURVY. Disorderly.
“Topsy-turvy trading during the day reflected investor uncertainty.” (Wall Street Journal,
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM). Continuous improvement.
“Almost two-thirds of the Chinese manufacturers say they follow a ‘total quality management’ philosophy.” (Industry Week, Nov. 2004, p. 35)
TOTAL RETURN. A measure of the return on an investment calculated by adding capital gains, foreign exchange gains, and dividend or interest yield.
TOUCH ALL BASES (TO). Consult with everyone involved in a decision.
“A conversation with Thomas A. Golub, president and chief executive officer of
TOUCH BASE (TO). Consult with casually (baseball). See also RUN BY.
“In the wake of the recent publicity, the company says it decided to contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to touch base with them and give them the information we have." (Wall Street Journal,
TOUGH NUT TO CRACK. Difficult person or problem.
TOUGH THING TO DO. Very difficult.
TOURIST TRAP. A cheap, tasteless tourist attraction.
“Believe it or not, some of these folksy sites are still going strong. In an age of killer whales, theme parks and cheap air travel to out-of-state tourist meccas, these highway tourist traps of yesteryear are finding ways to survive -- and at a profit.” (Wall Street Journal, July 15, 1998, p. T.1)
TOXIC WASTE. A financial market term referring to investments that are unattractive due to certain underlying provisions or risks making them generally illiquid and lacking transparency. Toxic waste is often associated with collateralized mortgage obligations.
T-PLUS THREE. Stock market settlement rule: trade day plus three days.
TRACKING STOCK. The stock of one part of a company issued by the parent company that trades independently of the parent company.
TRACK RECORD. Past performance.
"And while it would be a huge vote of confidence for anybody who is brought in, by the same token, it's a remarkable track record you would be expected to uphold." (Wall Street Journal,
TRACTION. Influence.
TRADE FLAT. Securities that trade without accrued interest. Convertible bonds, preferred stocks, and bonds in default usually trade flat.
TRADING COLLAR. Trading restrictions used by the New York Stock Exchange, limiting program trading to trades going against the trend in the market when there is a significant rise or fall in the market.
“Trading collar: If the Dow Jones Industrial Average rises or falls 180 points, the exchange slows down program trading by requiring that orders relating to the ‘index arbitrage’ form of program trading go against the trend of the market.” (Wall Street Journal, July 24, 2002, p. C1)
TRADING LIMIT. The maximum daily fluctuation allowed on futures contracts. Trading limits are imposed by each major exchange.
TRAFFIC BUILDER. Marketing promotion designed to generate more customers.
“Many supermarket chains have added the trees as well, often propping them up by the front door near the Salvation Army kettle. ‘Trees are a great traffic builder’ that also turn a profit, says Mike Gettler, vice president of merchandising for Lowe's Cos., Wilkesboro, N.C., which has 638 home-improvement stores in 40 states.” (Wall Street Journal,
TRANCHE. A part of an overall investment. For example, investors can purchase the interest income, repayment of principal or options associated with a loan.
TRAVEL DAZZLE. Efforts to impress the boss during a day he or she travels with you.
TRAVERSALITES. Intersections in corporate mergers (like synergies), partnerships.
TREASURY SHARES. Shares of stock issued but held by the company. Treasury shares are often shares that have been repurchased by the company, reducing the number of shares outstanding.
TREASURY STOCK. Stock held by the company. Treasury stock is sometimes used to thwart a hostile takeover.
TREES DON’T GROW INTO THE SKY. Stock prices have stopped going up.
TREEWARE. Printed material.
TRIAL BALLOON. An experiment or an idea proposed to see how other people respond.
TRIAL PERIOD. Time allowed to test and try the product.
TRAILERS. Commercials that run before movies.
TRICKLE-DOWN THEORY. Economic idea that benefits to the wealthy eventually benefit poorer groups; associated with the Reagan administration.
“He feels the pain of the less fortunate, but he is a firm believer in the ‘trickle down’ theory of social welfare.” (Wall Street Journal,
TRIM THE FAT (TO). Reduce excess employees or costs; budget cutting.
“No matter how fast Chairman and Chief Executive Paul Norris moves to trim fat and accelerate earnings growth, he can't outrun the company's past.” (Wall Street Journal, March 16, 2000, p. 1)
TRIPLE WITCHING DAY. The third Friday in March, June, September, and December, when three types of options expire on the same day.
“Trading was brisk because Friday was what is called a triple-witching session, the quarterly expiration of index futures and index and stock options” (Wall Street Journal, September 21, 2002, p. B3)
TROJAN or TROJAN HORSE. A software program, often a game or other useful program with hidden and potentially damaging features. Trojans often evade computer security systems by tricking users into authorizing access to their computer systems. Trojan horse is a reference to the ancient military tactic described in the Iliad and the Odyssey where the Greeks presented
TROLLING. Making COLD-CALLS soliciting new business (fishing).
TROOPS. Workers.
“Assistant Attorney General Anne K. Bingaman’s antitrust troops are looking into whether, as rivals and PC makers allege, Microsoft Corp. is using anticompetitive tactics with their new software, Windows 95.” (Business Week, July 10, 1995, p. 100)
TRY TO TAME THE MARKET (TO). Make money from investments.
TUNNEL VISION. Limited perception or understanding.
“Avoiding tunnel vision requires broadening one’s view. The classic mistake is to fall in love with a specific technology.” (Datamation, Feb. 15, 1995, p. 88)
“
TURKEY TROT. Shuffling ineffective employees from one part of the company to another by managers who are not willing to terminate them.
“A turkey trot is the practice of transferring a marginal, incompetent, or problem employee from one department or job to another.” (Across the Board, Nov./Dec. 1994, p. 52)
TURN A SOW’S EAR INTO A SILK PURSE (TO). Make a bad business profitable.
TURN BACK THE CLOCK (TO). Go back to earlier times.
“But if the company's executives could somehow get the young wizard to flick his wand and turn back the clock to the days before AOL Time Warner was mashed together in a series of ill-fated mergers, AOL's value could rise out of its current depths.” (Wall Street Journal,
TURNING POINT. The beginning of a new time or era.
TURNKEY. A project delivered ready for use.
“They began marketing themselves as a turnkey, outsourcing company to handle all the manufacturing for bigger players.” (Wall Street Journal, March 2004, p. B.4)
TURN-OF-THE-MONTH (TOM) EFFECT. Stock market phenomenon where prices tend to go up because investors receive cash to put into the market.
“However, we find a significant turn-of-the-month effect in both stocks and bonds and show that investors may be able to enhance the performance of their retirement portfolios.” (Journal of Economics and Finance, Spring 2000, p. 64)
TURN ON (TO). Cause excitement or pleasure; introduce people to something new.
TWADDLE. Financial salesmanship.
“Twaddle is irrelevant, erroneous, or irresponsible financial information.” (Bill Holland, KNSD-TV, Aug. 16, 1996)
TWEAK (TO). Manipulate. To make slight adjustments to.
“We enable customers who would like to do their own development. And we can tweak the monopolist. That's always fun and not a bad strategy if you're a small company." (Wall Street Journal,
TWEEDS-TO-RICHES. The process whereby an academic takes his or her research and parlays it into a successful company. < xml="true" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" prefix="v" namespace="">
“An academic whose expertise is in parallel algorithms and applied mathematics, Leighton is at first glance an unlikely candidate for an Internet tweeds-to-riches success story." ("Akamai's Algorithms," Technology Review, September, 2000)
24/7 (TWENTY-FOUR/SEVEN). Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, to be continuously available.
20-20 HINDSIGHT. To learn something afterwards or too late to be useful.
TWIN DEFICITS. The combined federal budget and trade deficits.
TWISTING. Unethical insurance industry strategy of persuading clients to cash in one investment and purchase another, making commissions for the agent.
“A the behest of his trusted insurance agent, Pickering was buying and selling one annuity after another in a deceitful industry practice called ‘twisting’.” (AARP Bulletin, November 2002, p. 25)
TWOFERS. Two for the price of one.
2/10, NET 30. Two percent discount when a bill due in thirty days is paid in ten days.
“I knew I was beginning to understand business when I found myself telling a customer that my terms were 2/10, net thirty.” (Rebecca Folsom, Sunshine Productions, 1995)
TWO-WAY STREET. Both parties should participate or benefit.
TYING. Making the sale of one item or service contingent on the purchase of another.
”The National Association of Securities Dealers said it is investigating a widespread but controversial banking practice in which loans to companies are made only if the borrowers agree to give the lender lucrative, fee-generating investment-banking business. While laws formally prevent banks from initiating such an arrangement, known as tying, many banks have found loopholes to the laws.” (Wall Street Journal, September 17, 2002, p. C2)
TYPE A. Aggressive, compulsive (personality).